Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system (as used in MeSH C14 or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD10), ICD-10 Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system), principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the biggest cause of deaths worldwide, though over the last two decades, cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income countries. At the same time cardiovascular deaths and disease have increased at an astonishingly fast rate in low- and middle-income countries. Although cardiovascular disease usually affects older adults, the antecedents of cardiovascular disease, notably atherosclerosis begin in early life, making primary prevention efforts necessary from childhood. There is therefore increased emphasis on preventing atherosclerosis by modifying risk factors, such as healthy eating, exercise, and avoidance of smoking.

Subjects will have three sessions of 1x intravenous (IV) infusion, spaced 5-12 days apart.  Primary outcome measure is safety. Safety assessment will include administration of adverse events questionnaires, physical exam, and blood test conducted at specified intervals. In order to assess efficacy of therapy, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) test, SF-36 questionnaire and MRI will be conducted at specific intervals.

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